Protection granted by a country to individuals in another country because they have suffered persecution or have a well-founded fear of persecution due to race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
A person who has fled their home country and is seeking asylum in another country, but whose claim has not yet been processed or granted.
A process that allows an individual already in a country to apply for permanent resident status (a green card) without having to return to their home country for visa processing.
A term used in some countries to refer to a foreign national or someone who is not a citizen of the country in which they are currently residing.
The period during which an individual is legally permitted to remain in a country, often defined by the terms of their visa or residency permit.
A process where foreign nationals register with immigration authorities to obtain a registration card or number, often used for tracking and legal documentation purposes.
A document provided by a sponsor in which they agree to financially support an immigrant, ensuring that they will not become a public charge.
The entry of a foreign national into a country, typically after being granted a visa or other legal permission to stay.
A form or process through which a foreign national applies to become a citizen of a country, usually after meeting residency and other requirements.
A cultural notion often associated with the pursuit of success and prosperity through hard work, which can influence immigration policies and aspirations.
A document issued to foreign visitors by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, detailing their entry and exit dates from the United States.
A permit that allows a foreign national to work legally in a country, often required for non-citizens seeking employment.
A form of protection granted to individuals who do not qualify for asylum but are at risk of serious harm if returned to their home country.
A governmental pardon that can result in the legalization of the status of undocumented immigrants or the granting of permanent residency to those who were previously in the country illegally.
A document that travelers complete upon entering a country, providing information to immigration authorities about their visit.
A process by which immigration decisions can be reviewed or reconsidered by an administrative body, often following a rejection of an application or petition.
A type of visa that allows adopted children of U.S. citizens or legal residents to enter and reside in the United States.
The status of a foreign national who resides in a country but is not a citizen, often with specific legal and residency requirements.
A unique identifier assigned to non-citizens by immigration authorities, used to track their immigration status and history.
Asylum applications made by individuals who are not in removal proceedings, often involving a proactive approach to seeking protection.
A petition filed by a sponsor or employer on behalf of an immigrant that has been approved by immigration authorities, often a prerequisite for visa issuance.
Documentation issued to foreign visitors upon entry to the U.S. that records their arrival and the terms of their stay.
The formal approval of an asylum application, allowing the applicant to stay in the host country and possibly apply for permanent residency.
The condition of being barred from entering a country due to violations of immigration laws or other grounds for inadmissibility.
A program that helps undocumented immigrants voluntarily return to their home country, often with assistance and support services.
The process of challenging an immigration decision or denial by requesting a review from a higher authority or administrative body.
A change or addition to an existing immigration application or petition, often required to correct errors or update information.
A document that allows individuals with pending immigration applications to travel abroad and return to the United States without abandoning their application.
Also known as a "green card," this is an identification card for lawful permanent residents in the U.S., showing proof of their status.
The legal condition of a foreign national in a country, which may include various types of visas, residency permits, or undocumented status.
Various legal options for obtaining residency or citizenship that do not fit traditional categories, such as investor visas or humanitarian programs.
A form used by foreign nationals to apply for permission to work in a country, often a requirement for obtaining legal employment status.
A temporary or permanent cessation of immigration proceedings, often used to resolve cases without a formal decision or removal order.
The formal cancellation or invalidation of an immigration decision or legal status, often due to fraud or other issues.
A meeting with immigration officials as part of the process of adjusting one's status to that of a lawful permanent resident.
A document issued to foreign visitors when they enter the United States, indicating their arrival and the terms of their stay.
A system used by immigration authorities to track and manage information about foreign nationals residing in or entering a country.
An official who conducts interviews and makes determinations on asylum claims, assessing whether applicants meet the criteria for protection.
A body that reviews immigration decisions and appeals, providing an additional level of oversight and judgment.
A formal request made by a foreign national to obtain permanent resident status in a country, often involving a detailed application process.
A commitment made by a sponsor to provide financial support to an immigrant, ensuring they will not become a public charge.
A U.S. immigration form documenting the arrival and departure of non-citizens, used for maintaining legal entry and exit records.
Approval given to foreign nationals to work legally in a country, typically associated with specific visa categories or residency statuses.
A petition filed by U.S. citizens or legal residents to bring adopted children into the country, seeking to secure their immigration status.
A process or agreement allowing foreign nationals to enter a country without a visa, often based on specific conditions or agreements between countries.
A U.S. immigration form used by sponsors to demonstrate their ability to financially support an immigrant, ensuring that the immigrant will not become reliant on public assistance.
The process by which an individual challenges an immigration decision or ruling by requesting a review or reversal from a higher authority or appellate body.
Legislation that requires foreign nationals to register with immigration authorities, providing a framework for managing and tracking non-citizens within a country.
An interview conducted by immigration officials to assess an applicant’s eligibility for adjustment to lawful permanent resident status.
A petition filed by adoptive parents to secure immigration status for their adopted child, often required for the child to enter or stay in the country.
A document issued to foreign nationals, often used to verify their legal status and track their activities within the country.
The form used by individuals seeking to adjust their immigration status to that of a lawful permanent resident, typically
The enforcement of laws and regulations at national borders to manage and regulate the entry and exit of individuals into a country.
The act of entering or leaving a country through designated border points, which often requires inspection by immigration authorities.
Measures and protocols implemented to protect a country’s borders from illegal entry, trafficking, and other security threats.
A foreign national who is the recipient of a petition or application, such as a visa or green card, filed by a sponsor or employer on their behalf.
A category of non-immigrant visa for temporary visitors to the U.S. for business (B-1) or tourism (B-2) purposes.
Immigration policies and visas related to individuals entering a country for business purposes, including entrepreneurs, investors, and employees of international companies.
A financial guarantee required by some immigration authorities to ensure that a foreign national will comply with the terms of their visa or stay.
Essential documents required for processing immigration applications or petitions, such as passports, visas, and identity documents.
The condition in which an individual is prohibited from entering or re-entering a country due to previous violations or specific legal reasons.
A person who has been granted refugee status and is therefore eligible for protection and possible permanent residency in the host country.
A law enforcement agency or unit responsible for patrolling and monitoring national borders to prevent illegal immigration and ensure border security.
A visa that allows individuals to enter a country for business purposes, such as attending meetings, negotiating contracts, or exploring business opportunities.
The right of individuals born in a country to acquire citizenship automatically, typically based on the principle of jus soli (right of the soil).
Personal physical characteristics, such as fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans, used for identification and verification in immigration processes.
Violating the terms and conditions of a visa, which can lead to legal consequences, including deportation or a bar on future entry.
A foreign national who is the intended recipient of a visa as a result of a petition filed by a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident.
A visa category designed for individuals entering a country to conduct business activities, invest in companies, or engage in professional work.
Comprehensive changes to immigration laws and policies aimed at addressing various aspects of immigration, including enforcement, legalization, and worker programs.
A type of card issued to certain non-immigrants allowing them to cross the U.S.-Mexico border for short visits, primarily used for tourism and business.
A person who benefits from a specific immigration program, such as a refugee resettlement program or employment-based visa program.
Accumulated applications or petitions waiting to be processed by immigration authorities, often leading to delays in receiving decisions or services.
The obligation of an applicant or petitioner to provide sufficient evidence to support their immigration application or claim.
The process of verifying the documents and status of individuals crossing a border to ensure compliance with immigration laws and regulations.
A temporary visa issued to individuals while they await a decision on a more permanent visa application, allowing them to remain in the country legally during the interim period.
A visa that allows individuals to enter a country temporarily for business-related activities, such as attending conferences, meetings, or exploring business opportunities.
The fundamental criteria that must be met to qualify for citizenship in a country, which may include residency, language proficiency, and knowledge of the country’s laws and customs.
The rights and advantages granted to lawful permanent residents, such as the ability to live and work indefinitely, access to social services, and the potential to apply for citizenship.
A final and conclusive decision made by an immigration authority or court that must be adhered to by the parties involved.
A scheduled meeting where individuals provide biometric data (e.g., fingerprints, photographs) as part of their immigration application or visa process.
A fee imposed on individuals entering or leaving a country, often used to cover administrative costs or border security measures.
A person who receives protection or assistance under specific immigration relief programs, such as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) or Temporary Protected Status (TPS).
The standard processes and steps involved in applying for visas, residency, or other immigration benefits, including documentation and interviews.
A vital document used to establish an individual's identity and citizenship, often required for various immigration applications and petitions.
A legal agreement between parties that outlines the terms and conditions related to immigration services or sponsorship, often including obligations and responsibilities.
Programs designed to attract and facilitate the entry of business professionals, investors, and entrepreneurs into a country to stimulate economic growth.
A foreign national who benefits from a family-based immigration petition filed by a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident seeking to bring a relative to the country.
Information collected by immigration authorities on individuals entering or exiting a country, used for tracking and security purposes.
Agreements between two countries that establish specific rules and policies for the movement of individuals between them, often addressing visas, work permits, and residency.
A foreign national who is the recipient of an immigration visa granted based on a petition or application by a sponsor or employer.
The status of being a legal member of a particular country with rights and responsibilities.
An official office representing a country's government in a foreign city, typically handling visa applications and assisting citizens abroad.
The government department responsible for collecting duties on imported goods and preventing illegal imports.
A person granted permanent residence on a conditional basis, usually for a period of two years.
An interview to determine if an asylum seeker has a credible fear of persecution in their home country.
An official document proving that a person has become a naturalized citizen of a country.
The requirement to maintain residence in a country for a specified period to qualify for certain immigration benefits.
The country from which an immigrant originates or where they were born.
The process of changing from one nonimmigrant visa category to another while in a foreign country.
The method of applying for a visa or immigration benefit through a U.S. embassy or consulate abroad.
A form of relief from deportation available to certain noncitizens in removal proceedings.
A term used to describe the process by which immigrants sponsor family members to join them in their new country.
An exam that tests an applicant's knowledge of a country's history, government, and civic responsibilities as part of the naturalization process.
A temporary visa granted with specific conditions that must be met for the holder to maintain legal status.
Proposed changes to immigration laws that address multiple aspects of the immigration system.
A formal declaration of guilt in a criminal case, which can affect a person's immigration status or eligibility for benefits.
A government official who works at a consulate or embassy and is responsible for processing visa applications.
Programs that allow individuals to obtain citizenship in exchange for a significant investment in the country.
A temporary status granted to refugees with the possibility of becoming permanent after a certain period.
The temporary and repetitive movement of people between countries for work or other purposes.
The official event where new citizens take an oath of allegiance to their adopted country.
An individual who works in one country but resides in another, crossing the border regularly for employment.
A factor considered in immigration applications, referring to an individual's criminal history.
The process of stripping an individual of their citizenship, typically due to fraud or serious crimes.
A preliminary approval of an immigration application, subject to further verification or conditions.
A document issued to children born overseas to U.S. citizen parents, serving as proof of U.S. citizenship.
Programs designed to teach immigrants about the rights, responsibilities, and culture of their new country.
A form filled out by travelers declaring goods brought into a country that may be subject to duties.
An exemption from certain citizenship requirements granted in special circumstances.
A type of criminal sentence that may impact an individual's immigration status or applications.
The acquisition of citizenship based on having a parent or grandparent who is a citizen of that country.
The process of evaluating and recognizing foreign educational and professional qualifications.
The legal rights and privileges granted to citizens of a particular country.
A Green Card issued to individuals who have been granted conditional permanent residence.
The geographical area in which a particular consulate has authority to process visa applications.
The voluntary act of giving up one's citizenship in a country.
Temporary permission to enter a country, subject to certain conditions or further review.
The formal request submitted by an individual seeking to become a naturalized citizen of a country.
A document issued by authorities confirming an individual has no criminal record or other impediments to immigration.
A formal pledge of allegiance taken by new citizens during the naturalization process.
The release of an individual from immigration detention under specific conditions.
The process of confirming an individual's claim to citizenship.
The principle that decisions made by consular officers regarding visa applications are generally not subject to judicial review.
An official document proving an individual's citizenship status.
A program allowing citizens of certain countries to enter without a visa, subject to specific conditions.
The act of obtaining citizenship through deception or false representation.
A face-to-face meeting with a consular officer as part of the visa application process.
The process of regaining citizenship that was previously lost or renounced.
An application to remove conditions on permanent residence without the cooperation of a spouse.
A change to a country's citizenship laws or policies.
The formal removal of a foreign national from a country for violating immigration laws.
The status of being a citizen of two countries simultaneously.
The act of holding immigrants in custody, usually while their cases are being processed.
A program that provides a limited number of visas to people from countries with low rates of immigration to the United States.
A person who relies on another for financial support, often a spouse or child in immigration contexts.
Citizenship obtained through the naturalization of a parent or by being born abroad to a U.S. citizen parent.
The power of immigration officials to make decisions based on individual circumstances.
The process of revoking an individual's naturalized citizenship.
A temporary postponement of deportation or removal proceedings.
The creation, use, or possession of false documents for immigration purposes.
A visa issued to foreign government officials for official state business.
The refusal to allow a foreign national to enter a country.
The place where a person has their permanent home and principal establishment.
Legal strategies and arguments used to prevent an individual's removal from a country.
A person who is eligible for an immigration benefit because of their relationship to the principal beneficiary.
A document that records when a foreign national leaves a country.
A person authorized to maintain student records and issue documents for international students.
A birth certificate issued after the time of birth, often used in immigration proceedings as evidence of birth facts.
Someone forced to leave their home country due to war, persecution, or natural disaster.
A request from immigration authorities to a law enforcement agency to hold an individual for potential transfer to immigration custody.
Asylum status granted to immediate family members of a person who has been granted asylum.
A process allowing certain arriving aliens to temporarily enter the U.S. pending a final admissibility determination.
An official order issued by an immigration judge requiring an individual to leave the country.
Legal protection granted to diplomats, exempting them from certain laws of the host country.
A visa issued to dependents of the primary visa holder.
Forms of immigration relief that are granted at the discretion of immigration officials or judges.
The legal process of determining whether a foreign national should be removed from the country.
The concept that a nonimmigrant visa holder can have the intention to both return home and potentially immigrate permanently.
A facility used to hold immigrants who are awaiting deportation or resolution of their immigration cases.
An immigration status obtained through a family member's status.
The condition of being subject to removal from a country due to violations of immigration law.
A country officially recognized for specific immigration programs or policies.
A temporary, discretionary stay of removal granted to nationals of designated countries.
A legal request to classify an individual as a dependent for immigration purposes.
A legal provision allowing certain individuals to avoid deportation despite being otherwise removable.
A visa category for remote workers who wish to live in a foreign country while working for employers or clients in other countries.
A person who is granted refugee status due to their relationship with a principal refugee.
Money paid to secure the release of an immigrant from detention while their case is pending.
The process of challenging a deportation order in a higher court.
The process by which a child automatically becomes a citizen when their parent naturalizes.
A special passport issued to diplomats and high-ranking government officials for official travel.
A temporary halt to the execution of a deportation order.
Permission to work granted to dependents of certain visa holders.
A group officially recognized as a terrorist organization, affecting immigration eligibility for its members.
Various forms of legal remedies that can prevent or delay deportation.
An official document proving an individual's acquisition of citizenship through a parent.
A process to determine whether continued detention of an immigrant is justified.
A type of insurance policy that covers certain costs associated with deportation.
An application filed by a dependent to receive an immigration benefit based on a family member's status.
A legal service providing assistance to individuals facing deportation proceedings.
A visa required to enter a country, typically issued before travel.
A document required by some countries for their citizens or residents to leave the country.
A process that allows U.S. immigration officers to deport certain individuals without a hearing before an immigration judge.
A work permit issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services that allows non-citizens to work legally in the United States.
A person who lives outside their native country, often for work or retirement.
A visa category for individuals with exceptional skills in sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics.
An automated system used to determine the eligibility of visitors to travel to the United States under the Visa Waiver Program.
The act of leaving one's country to settle permanently in another.
A legal decision that prevents an individual from entering or remaining in a country.
An internet-based system that allows businesses to determine the eligibility of their employees to work in the United States.
A visa category for individuals who are seeking to enter a country for work purposes.
A division of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement responsible for enforcing immigration laws.
A visa category designed for individuals who want to start a business in a foreign country.
The systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given territory.
A degree of expertise significantly above that ordinarily encountered in a field, often used in immigration contexts.
A foreign national participating in an exchange program in the United States, typically on a J-1 visa.
The formal process of one country surrendering an individual to another country for prosecution or punishment.
A legal standard used in certain immigration cases to demonstrate that denial of an application would result in exceptional difficulty for the applicant's qualifying relatives.
Permission to enter a country, often granted before travel.
The process of giving up one's citizenship or residency in their native country to become a citizen or resident of another country.
A directive issued by the head of state that can affect immigration policies and procedures.
The state of meeting the necessary requirements for a particular immigration benefit or status.
The official residence or offices of an ambassador, responsible for diplomatic relations and often handling visa applications.
A person who leaves their own country to settle permanently in another.
A prohibition on entering a country, often imposed as a penalty for immigration violations.
The act of denying entry to a foreign national seeking to enter a country.
A service offered by some immigration authorities to process certain applications more quickly for an additional fee.
The outer border of a country or group of countries, such as the European Union's external borders.
An official approval or support, often required for certain visa applications.
Guidelines that determine which immigration cases should be prioritized for enforcement action.
A meeting conducted by immigration officials with individuals leaving a country, often to ensure compliance with visa terms.
Taxes imposed on citizens living abroad by their home country.
The act of forcing someone to leave a country, typically due to violations of immigration law.
A period of time beyond the originally authorized stay in a foreign country.
An official mark in a passport indicating the date and place of entry into a country.
Unusual situations that may be considered in immigration decisions to grant exceptions or special consideration.
The act of taking unfair advantage of someone, often in the context of labor trafficking or illegal immigration.
The practice of processing asylum claims outside the territory of the country where asylum is sought.
Any official paper or electronic record required for entry into a country.
Measures taken by a country to regulate the departure of its citizens or residents.
Freedom from a requirement or obligation that normally applies in immigration processes.
A tax imposed on individuals who renounce their citizenship or long-term residency.
A geographical area with a high concentration of ethnic minorities.
An officially designated point of entry into a country, such as an airport or border crossing.
A group of people from the same country living abroad.
An area where entry is restricted or prohibited, often for security or immigration control purposes.
A document required by some countries for their citizens or residents to leave the country.
A faster path to citizenship available to certain individuals, such as those serving in the military.
The practice of extending border controls beyond a country's physical borders through agreements with other countries.
A type of non-immigrant student visa that allows foreigners to pursue education in the United States[1].
The most common type of student visa, issued to full-time students enrolled in an academic program or English language program at an approved school in the U.S.[1][2].
A visa issued to spouses and children (under 21) of F-1 visa holders, allowing them to accompany the student to the U.S.[1][4].
A visa issued to "border commuters" who reside in Canada or Mexico while attending school in the United States[1].
A certificate of eligibility for F-1 student status, issued by a school approved by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)[2][4].
A requirement for F-1 visa holders to maintain a full course of study at their institution while the academic term is in session[2].
The online Non-immigrant Visa Application form required for F visa applicants[3].
The form used to pay the SEVIS fee, which F-1 students need to show when applying for their U.S. visas[4].
The USCIS form used by certain non-immigrants, including F-1 students, to apply for U.S. work authorization[4].
A document that allows a non-U.S. citizen to live and work permanently in the United States.
A foreign national temporarily authorized to work in a country, often in a specific job or industry.
A U.S. Customs and Border Protection program that allows expedited clearance for pre-approved, low-risk travelers upon arrival in the United States.
Reasons why a person may be denied entry into a country or refused a visa.
A requirement for certain immigration benefits, indicating that an applicant has not committed serious crimes and generally follows the law.
The deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation, which can be grounds for asylum.
The practice of allowing a person to continue to qualify under old rules when new rules are introduced.
A record kept by some countries of foreign visitors entering and leaving the country.
A set amount of time after the expiration of a visa or status during which a person can remain in the country without accruing unlawful presence.
Work that provides a sustainable income, often a requirement for certain work visas.
An agreement by a country to accept the return of its citizens who have been deported from another country.
Legal responsibility for a child, which can affect immigration status and applications.
Official advice or information about immigration policies and procedures provided by government agencies.
A visa issued free of charge, often as part of diplomatic agreements between countries.
A visa issued to a group of people traveling together for a specific purpose, such as tourism or cultural exchange.
The movement of people across international borders for various reasons, including work, study, or seeking asylum.
A bona fide marriage or partnership, often scrutinized in immigration applications to prevent fraud.
Asylum granted on the basis of persecution related to one's gender or gender identity.
A system of increasingly severe penalties for repeated violations of immigration laws or regulations.
A person or system responsible for controlling access to a country, such as border patrol agents.
The process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture, which affects migration patterns.
Legal reasons why a non-citizen may be deported from a country.
A document or assurance provided by a visa applicant that they will return to their home country after their authorized stay.
Citizenship rights passed down through generations, sometimes with limitations on how many generations can claim citizenship.
A type of visa or residence permit offered by some countries in exchange for a significant investment or real estate purchase.
A non-immigrant visa that allows U.S. companies to employ foreign workers in specialty occupations that require theoretical or technical expertise[1][3].
The annual numerical limit on H-1B visas issued each government fiscal year[3].
Allows an individual in valid H-1B status to begin work for a new H-1B employer once the new employer files an H-1B petition with USCIS[3].
A non-immigrant visa classification reserved for nurses to work for up to three years in health professional shortage areas[3].
A non-immigrant visa classification for temporary agricultural workers whose services are needed in the United States[3].
A non-immigrant visa classification for temporary non-agricultural workers providing services or labor for specific needs[3].
A non-immigrant visa classification for individuals who will be receiving training in the United States[3].
A non-immigrant visa classification for dependent spouses and children of H-1B, H-2, and H-3 visa holders.
An area recognized as having shortages of primary medical care, dental, or mental health providers[3].
An extraordinary measure allowing an otherwise inadmissible foreign national into the United States for a temporary period due to a compelling humanitarian emergency.
A requirement for certain exchange visitors to return to their home country for two years before being eligible for certain U.S. visas.
The act of entering and settling in a country of which one is not a native.
A visa issued to a person wishing to live permanently in a foreign country.
The migration of people into a country in violation of the immigration laws of that country.
A U.S. federal law enforcement agency responsible for enforcing immigration laws.
The process by which immigrants become accepted into society, both as individuals and as groups.
The movement of people within a country, usually from rural to urban areas.
The state of not being allowed to enter a country due to various grounds defined by immigration law.
A form used to record a person's arrival and departure to and from the United States.
The intention to remain permanently in a country, which can affect eligibility for certain non-immigrant visas.
A judicial officer who presides over immigration court proceedings.
A category in U.S. immigration law for close family members of U.S. citizens, including spouses, unmarried children under 21, and parents.
Changes to a country's immigration laws and policies.
A visa category for individuals who invest a substantial amount of capital in a country's economy.
The legal standing of a non-citizen in a country.
A term used in some countries to describe a foreign national who has entered or stayed in a country without proper authorization.
The practice of holding individuals suspected of visa violations, illegal entry or unauthorized arrival in a country.
An employee transferred within the same company to work in a different country.
A sum of money paid to immigration authorities to secure the release of a detained individual.
A formal request filed with immigration authorities to classify a foreign national as eligible for an immigrant visa.
A student who undertakes all or part of their higher education experience in a country other than their home country.
A numerical limit on the number of immigrants allowed into a country during a specific period.
A form of permanent residency in the UK, allowing a person to stay in the country without any time restrictions.
An attorney who specializes in helping clients with various immigration processes and issues.
The act of entering a country without going through official border checkpoints or without proper documentation.
The process of checking and approving a person's documentation when entering or leaving a country.
A non-immigrant visa for individuals approved to participate in work-and study-based exchange visitor programs in the United States.
A visa issued to dependents (spouse and unmarried children under 21) of J-1 visa holders.
The principle of citizenship by birth on a country's soil, regardless of parents' nationality.
The principle of citizenship by descent, where citizenship is determined by the nationality of one or both parents.
A person who agrees to be financially responsible for an immigrant in addition to the primary sponsor.
The process by which a court examines an administrative decision or action taken by an immigration authority.
The official power to make legal decisions and judgments in immigration matters.
A court's final determination of the rights and obligations of parties in a case, which can affect immigration status.
To put at risk or in danger, often used in the context of actions that could negatively impact one's immigration status.
A formal invitation of employment, often required for certain work-based visa applications.
A court's decision to set aside certain legal requirements or consequences in immigration cases.
The practice of seeking a more favorable court or administrative body to hear an immigration case.
An immigration application filed together by two or more individuals, such as spouses.
A historical provision allowing criminal court judges to recommend against deportation, now abolished in the U.S.
A visa category that allows foreign nationals to enter a country to search for employment.
The act of providing a good reason for an immigration decision or application.
The process by which a judge orders an individual to be removed from the country as part of a criminal sentence.
A request filed jointly by a U.S. citizen or permanent resident and their foreign spouse to remove conditions on residence.
Legislative actions that limit or remove the authority of courts to review certain immigration decisions.
An evaluation of risks associated with an individual's entry or continued stay in a country.
A court's acceptance of a fact without requiring a party to prove it, sometimes used in immigration proceedings.
The process of confirming employment details for immigration purposes.
The power of a judge to make decisions based on their judgment in immigration cases.
An arrangement between countries regarding which nation's laws apply in certain immigration situations.
A court order temporarily suspending immigration proceedings or deportation.
A nonimmigrant visa that allows the foreign-citizen fiancé(e) of a U.S. citizen to travel to the United States for the purpose of marriage within 90 days of arrival.
A visa issued to the eligible children of K-1 visa applicants, allowing them to accompany their parent to the United States.
A nonimmigrant visa for foreign-citizen spouses of U.S. citizens, allowing them to enter the United States to await approval of an immigrant visa petition.
A visa issued to eligible children of K-3 visa applicants, permitting them to enter the United States with their parent.
A U.S. Department of State facility in Williamsburg, Kentucky, that supports worldwide consular operations and manages the Diversity Visa Program.
An employee who is considered essential to the operation of a business, often relevant in certain employment-based visa categories.
A legal term referring to actions taken with awareness of the nature of the act and its possible consequences, often used in immigration law contexts.
An economic system based on intellectual capital, often influencing immigration policies to attract skilled workers.
Family relationships that may be considered in certain immigration applications, particularly for family-based visas.
A center at the Library of Congress that brings together scholars and researchers from around the world, sometimes involving immigration scholars.
A non-citizen who has been granted authorization to live and work in the United States on a permanent basis. Also known as a "green card holder".
A determination by the U.S. Department of Labor that there are no able, willing, qualified and available U.S. workers for a specific job, required for certain employment-based immigration petitions.
A non-immigrant visa for intracompany transferees who work in managerial, executive, or specialized knowledge capacities.
A visa issued to the spouse and unmarried children under 21 years of age of L-1 visa holders.
A document filed with the Department of Labor as part of the H-1B visa process, attesting to certain labor conditions.
A central filing location used by USCIS for certain types of applications and petitions.
The state of being in the United States legally, either as a non-immigrant or as a lawful permanent resident.
The process of granting legal status to individuals who are in a country without authorization.
Also known as the Diversity Immigrant Visa program, a system that provides up to 50,000 immigrant visas annually to people from countries with low rates of immigration to the United States.
Permission granted by the UK government for non-British or Irish citizens to stay in the UK for a limited period or indefinitely.
A term formerly used in Canada to refer to a permanent resident.
In the context of EU law, a non-EU national who has legally and continuously resided in an EU country for five years or more.
A condition in many countries' immigration processes that requires applicants to demonstrate proficiency in the official language(s) of the country.
The most recent date an individual entered a country, often important for determining visa status and eligibility.
Permission to stay in the UK for a limited time period, subject to specific conditions.
Nonimmigrant visa classification reserved for students at vocational schools or other non-academic students.
Nonimmigrant visa classification reserved for the spouses and children of M-1 visa holders.
An area designated as having shortages of primary medical care, dental or mental health providers, which may be geographic or demographic in nature.
A person who primarily manages an organization, or a department, subdivision, function, or component of the organization, often relevant for L-1A visa and priority worker category.
A visa that allows the bearer to apply for admission to a country multiple times without having to reapply for a new visa.
An academic degree conferred by a college or university on those who complete at least one year of described study beyond the Bachelor's Degree.
A person who leaves one country or region to settle in another, often in search of a better life.
A person who, according to the law of their country, is under the age of majority and not yet entitled to exercise specific civil and political rights.
A green card obtained through marriage to a U.S. citizen or permanent resident.
Special dispensation allowing an immigrant to be admitted into a country despite having a medical condition that would ordinarily disqualify them.
A request that a government body reconsider an adverse decision in immigration proceedings.
A woman's family name prior to marriage, sometimes also called a "pre-marriage name".
European countries that are members of the European Union.
The movement of people across borders, either within a country or internationally.
The practice of detaining certain categories of immigrants without the possibility of release on bond.
The legal process by which a foreign citizen or national can become a citizen of a country.
A U.S. Department of State facility that processes immigrant visa pre-processing paperwork.
A visa issued to foreign nationals for temporary stay in a country for a specific purpose, such as tourism, business, or study.
A document issued to initiate removal proceedings against an individual in the United States.
The status of belonging to a particular nation by origin, birth, or naturalization.
A provision that allows certain immigrants to obtain a green card without a job offer and without the labor certification process.
A person who is not a citizen of the country in which they reside.
A foreign national who doesn't meet the substantial presence test or the green card test for tax purposes.
An examination of an applicant's knowledge of the country's history, government, and civic responsibilities as part of the citizenship process.
A document issued by some countries to their citizens studying abroad, indicating they have no objection to the student not returning home after completing studies.
An official communication from immigration authorities regarding the status of an application or petition.
The intention to remain in a country only temporarily, which is required for many nonimmigrant visa categories.
An official document proving that an individual has become a naturalized citizen of a country.
A connection or link, often used in asylum cases to show a relationship between persecution and a protected ground.
The practice of not forcing refugees or asylum seekers to return to a country where they are likely to face persecution.
A non-immigrant visa for individuals with extraordinary ability in sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics.
A non-immigrant visa for individuals who will accompany an O-1 visa holder to assist in a specific event or performance.
A non-immigrant visa for spouses and children of O-1 and O-2 visa holders.
The act of remaining in a country beyond the period of authorized stay.
A period during which undergraduate and graduate students with F-1 status who have completed or have been pursuing their degrees are permitted to work.
A pledge of loyalty to a country, typically taken during the naturalization process.
An immigrant visa classification for professors or researchers who are internationally recognized as outstanding in their academic field.
The condition of an individual who has failed to maintain the terms of their visa or has remained in a country beyond their authorized period of stay.
A form of citizenship offered by some countries to people of their diaspora, granting many rights of citizenship without full citizenship.
The requirement that asylum seekers file their application within one year of arriving in the United States, with some exceptions.
Official papers or certificates, often required in immigration processes, as opposed to copies or reproductions.
A request filed by U.S. citizens to adopt a child from another country who meets the definition of an orphan under U.S. immigration law.
A program or session designed to familiarize new immigrants with their rights, responsibilities, and the customs of their new country.
Territories under the control of a country but not fully incorporated, which may have different immigration rules.
A penalty that prevents individuals who have overstayed their visa from re-entering a country for a specified period.
A foreign national who has been granted authorization to live and work permanently in a country.
An official government document that certifies one's identity and citizenship, used for international travel.
A place where one may lawfully enter a country, such as airports, seaports, and land border crossings.
A formal written request filed with immigration authorities to classify a foreign national under a specific visa category.
The date that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) receives a properly filed petition, used to determine a person's place in line for a visa number.
A non-immigrant visa category for athletes, artists, entertainers, and their support personnel.
A temporary authorization allowing an individual to enter or remain in a country for a specific purpose, despite being otherwise inadmissible.
A classification system used in family-sponsored, employment-based, and diversity immigrant visa programs.
The average wage paid to similarly employed workers in a specific occupation in the area of intended employment.
An individual who is likely to become primarily dependent on the government for subsistence.
The average time it takes for an immigration authority to process a specific type of application or petition.
A process that allows certain individuals to request a waiver of inadmissibility for unlawful presence before leaving the United States for consular processing.
An immigration system that admits foreign nationals based on their skills, work experience, education, and other factors.
Harm or suffering inflicted upon an individual in order to punish them for possessing a belief or characteristic deemed undesirable by their persecutors.
An optional service offered by USCIS for certain employment-based petitions and applications, providing faster processing for an additional fee.
A non-immigrant visa for participants in an international cultural exchange program in the United States.
A numerical limit on the number of visas or immigrants allowed into a country during a specific period.
A term used in U.S. immigration law to describe categories of non-citizens who are eligible for certain federal public benefits.
A family member who can be the basis for certain immigration benefits, such as waivers of inadmissibility.
A period of isolation imposed on travelers or immigrants to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
A form or series of questions used to gather information from visa or immigration applicants.
Referring to actions or bodies that have a partly judicial character, such as immigration courts.
In some Islamic countries, a method of legal reasoning that may be applied in immigration cases.
A person certified or deemed competent to provide language interpretation services in immigration proceedings.
To nullify or void, such as when a court quashes a removal order in immigration proceedings.
A historical system used in U.S. immigration law to allocate visas based on national origin quotas.
An immigrant who meets specific criteria to be eligible for certain benefits or immigration statuses.
An expedited visa processing service offered by some countries for certain categories of travelers.
The process of evaluating foreign educational or professional credentials for equivalency in the host country.
Regular updates required by some immigration authorities for certain visa holders or sponsored immigrants.
A person who has fled their country of origin due to a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
The legal process to determine if a non-citizen should be removed (deported) from the country.
A foreign national who is a permanent resident of the country in which they reside but is not a citizen.
A non-immigrant visa for religious workers coming to the United States to work for a non-profit religious organization.
A travel document that allows a permanent resident to reenter the country after traveling abroad for an extended period.
The official recognition of a person as a refugee, granting them certain rights and protections.
Money sent by immigrants to their families or others in their home countries.
A notice sent by immigration authorities requesting additional documentation to support an application or petition.
The minimum period of time an individual must reside in a country before becoming eligible for certain immigration benefits.
The cancellation or withdrawal of an immigration benefit or status previously granted.
The process of bringing together family members who have been separated due to migration.
An official directive requiring a non-citizen to leave the country.
A provision in U.S. immigration law that allows certain long-term residents to apply for lawful permanent resident status.
The process of returning a person to their country of origin or citizenship.
The transfer of refugees from the country where they have sought asylum to another country that has agreed to admit them.
A non-immigrant visa issued to individuals who wish to study at educational institutions in a foreign country.
The act of taking financial responsibility for an immigrant, often required in family-based and some employment-based immigration processes.
An immigrant category for individuals with specific job skills or qualifications that are in demand in the host country.
A city that limits its cooperation with national immigration enforcement efforts to protect undocumented immigrants from deportation.
Student and Exchange Visitor Information System, a U.S. government database used to track and monitor international students and exchange visitors.
An individual who is not considered a national by any state under the operation of its law.
A test used to determine if a foreign national qualifies as a U.S. resident for tax purposes.
A category of immigrants who may qualify for lawful permanent resident status based on specific circumstances.
A foreign national who enters a country to work in a job that is dependent on seasonal conditions.
A tax imposed on certain immigration documents or applications in some countries.
A visa category that allows the spouse of a citizen or permanent resident to join them in their country.
The illegal transportation of people across international borders, often in dangerous conditions.
A temporary postponement of the execution of a removal or deportation order.
A written declaration made under oath, often used in immigration proceedings.
A more detailed examination of travelers at ports of entry when initial inspection raises questions about admissibility.
A temporary immigration status granted to eligible nationals of designated countries experiencing problems that make it difficult or unsafe for their nationals to be deported there.
A non-immigrant visa allowing certain victims of human trafficking and their immediate family members to remain and work temporarily in the United States.
An official document, such as a passport or refugee travel document, that allows an individual to travel across international borders.
The illegal trade of human beings for the purposes of reproductive slavery, commercial sexual exploitation, forced labor, or a modern-day form of slavery.
A foreign national coming to a country to work for a limited period of time, often in a specific job or industry.
A court or forum of justice that has authority to adjudicate immigration cases.
A non-immigrant visa category (E-1) for individuals coming to the U.S. to carry on substantial trade between their country and the U.S.
A non-immigrant visa category (E-2) for individuals coming to the U.S. to develop and direct the operations of an enterprise in which they have invested a substantial amount of capital.
A set time during which certain immigration rules or statuses may change or be phased out.
A person who is not a citizen of the country they are in, nor of the country they came from or are going to.
An individual who is allowed to reside in a country for a specific period of time, often with restrictions on employment or benefits.
The movement of people across international borders, maintaining ties with their country of origin while establishing lives in a new country.
A government-imposed restriction on travel to, from, or within a particular country or region.
Programs that provide expedited travel for pre-approved, low-risk travelers through dedicated lanes and kiosks.
A visa that allows the holder to enter and stay in a country for a limited period of time for a specific purpose.
A non-immigrant visa for victims of certain crimes who have suffered mental or physical abuse and are helpful to law enforcement or government officials in the investigation or prosecution of criminal activity.
A foreign-born person who does not have a legal right to be or remain in a country.
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, the government agency that oversees lawful immigration to the United States.
The period of time when an individual is in the United States without being admitted or paroled or when they have overstayed their authorized period of stay.
A child who has no lawful immigration status in the country and has no parent or legal guardian present to provide care and physical custody.
Work performed by a foreign national who does not have permission to work in the country.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, a UN agency mandated to protect and support refugees.
Referring to foreign nationals who are present in a country without proper authorization or documentation.
A basis for granting certain immigration benefits or relief due to pressing humanitarian concerns.
A term used in some countries to describe a non-citizen whose presence is deemed contrary to the public interest.
Work that requires little or no specialized training or skills, often relevant in certain visa categories.
A level of hardship that is more severe than the normal hardship that would be expected from denial of an immigration benefit.
Entering a country without inspection or authorization by immigration officials.
A principle in immigration law that aims to keep families together or reunite them through various immigration benefits.
Maintaining a permanent home in a country, even while temporarily absent, which can be important for certain immigration statuses.
A non-immigrant visa for victims of certain crimes who have suffered mental or physical abuse and are helpful to law enforcement or government officials in the investigation or prosecution of criminal activity.
A foreign-born person who does not have a legal right to be or remain in a country.
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, the government agency that oversees lawful immigration to the United States.
The period of time when an individual is in the United States without being admitted or paroled or when they have overstayed their authorized period of stay.
A child who has no lawful immigration status in the country and has no parent or legal guardian present to provide care and physical custody.
Work performed by a foreign national who does not have permission to work in the country.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, a UN agency mandated to protect and support refugees.
Referring to foreign nationals who are present in a country without proper authorization or documentation.
A basis for granting certain immigration benefits or relief due to pressing humanitarian concerns.
A term used in some countries to describe a non-citizen whose presence is deemed contrary to the public interest.
Work that requires little or no specialized training or skills, often relevant in certain visa categories.
A level of hardship that is more severe than the normal hardship that would be expected from denial of an immigration benefit.
Entering a country without inspection or authorization by immigration officials.
A principle in immigration law that aims to keep families together or reunite them through various immigration benefits.
Maintaining a permanent home in a country, even while temporarily absent, which can be important for certain immigration statuses.
A type of visa that allows foreign nationals to work legally in a country for a specific employer or in a particular occupation.
A legal provision that allows an individual to bypass certain immigration requirements or restrictions under specific circumstances.
A document or status that allows a foreign national to legally work in a country.
A non-immigrant visa for foreign nationals who are coming to the United States to perform services in a specialty occupation.
A visa classification for foreign nationals who are coming to the United States to work in a non-specialty occupation.
A court order compelling a government agency to perform its duties, often used in immigration cases to expedite processing.
The act of formally retracting a submitted immigration application or petition before a decision is made.
A document issued by immigration authorities that allows a foreign national to work in a country for a specified period.
Government assistance programs that provide financial support to individuals, which can affect immigration eligibility and status.
The time an applicant must wait before being eligible for certain immigration benefits or statuses.
A program that provides safety and support for individuals who testify against criminals, often involving immigration considerations for the protected individuals.
A United Nations observance held on June 20 each year to raise awareness about the plight of refugees worldwide.
A category of immigration that allows individuals to enter a country based on employment opportunities and job offers.
The application form for an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) for foreign nationals who need to file taxes in the United States.
The form used by foreign individuals and entities to certify their foreign status for tax withholding purposes in the United States.
A type of visa issued by some countries for specific or miscellaneous purposes not covered by other visa categories.
Fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers, which can influence immigration policies and social attitudes towards immigrants.
A designation on some countries' passports and official documents for individuals who do not identify as male or female, which can affect immigration processes.
A medical examination sometimes required as part of the immigration process to screen for certain health conditions.
A format used in electronic data exchange for immigration purposes, such as in visa applications or traveler information systems.
A common abbreviation for expatriate, referring to a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country other than their country of citizenship.
An informal term sometimes used to refer to border crossing, particularly in the context of illegal immigration.
A prefix used in immigration contexts to describe activities or policies that involve movement across international borders.
Relating to or involving different cultures, often relevant in discussions of immigrant integration and cultural exchange programs.
Referring to activities, communities, or identities that span multiple countries, often used in the context of migration studies.
A program that allows young people from certain countries to live and work in another country for a limited period, typically up to two years.
In some countries, a document issued to foreign residents as proof of their legal status or right to work.
A visa that allows the holder to stay in a country for up to one year, often used for extended tourism, working holidays, or cultural exchange programs.
A legal status for young individuals who have committed crimes, which may affect their immigration status or eligibility for certain benefits.
In immigration contexts, the rate at which approved visa applicants actually use their visas to enter a country.
A specific visa category used by some countries for particular purposes, such as China's Y visa for short-term study or training.
An annual limit on the number of visas or immigrants allowed into a country in certain categories.
The length of time an individual has lived in a country, often important for determining eligibility for certain immigration benefits or citizenship.
A category in some countries' immigration systems for talented young professionals in specific fields.
A provision in U.S. immigration law that allows for deadline extensions if the last day of a filing period falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday.
International programs that allow young people to live abroad for cultural exchange, often with specific visa arrangements.
An annual assessment of an immigrant's status or compliance with visa conditions in some countries.
The act of giving up one's citizenship, which may be required in some immigration processes.
A visa category in some countries specifically designed for young travelers or students.
A standard used to measure or evaluate immigration applications or policies.
A visa category used in some countries, such as China, for individuals entering for employment purposes.
An immigration enforcement approach that aims to prosecute all individuals who enter a country illegally, regardless of circumstances.
Areas where immigration enforcement is particularly strict or where certain immigrants are not permitted to enter or reside.
Local regulations that can affect where immigrants can live or establish businesses, potentially impacting immigrant communities.
The principle that immigration lawyers should represent their clients' interests as vigorously as possible within the bounds of the law.
A postal code system used in some countries, which can be important for immigration paperwork and determining residency.
In immigration contexts, the first day of a person's authorized stay in a country, often important for calculating visa durations.
A significant legal case in U.S. immigration law that addressed issues of citizenship and naturalization.
The general intellectual, moral, and cultural climate of an era, which can influence immigration policies and public attitudes towards immigrants.
A document that may be required for certain immigrants to live or work in specific areas, particularly relevant for those starting businesses.
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